Sitemap.xml.gz - Dec 24, 2019 · WordPressブログに必須のXMLサイトマップの作り方を解説しました。手順は簡単で、初心者の方でも5分で完成します。おすすめプラグインを紹介してので、XMLサイトマップで今すぐWordPressブログを最適化させましょう。

 
1. 拡張子 .gz は gzip と呼ばれる圧縮形式の一つであり、基本的にはブラウザで直接表示することはありません (URL を指定してダウンロードが始まるのは正常です)。. sitemap.xml 自体は主に検索エンジン (クローラ) に読ませるのが目的なので、正常に中身が出力 .... Bandb updates

サイトマップ (sitemap.xml)のつくり方とちょっとしたテクニック. ここで説明するものはサイト内のページ一覧のリンクを表示したページ (HTML)ではなく、 サイト内のページURLをxmlファイルでまとめたサイトマップファイル のことです。. このサイトマップ ...Validate XML Sitemap - Free Online Google Sitemap Generator. XML-sitemaps.com provides free online sitemap generator service, creating an XML sitemap that can be submitted to Google, Bing and other search engines to help them crawl your website better. It will also generate an HTML site map to allow your website visitors to navigate easier. Use our sitemap to help find the services you need most. Browse our collection of domain names, hosting solutions and suite of business tools and do more today! If you are using assistive technology and are unable to read any part of the Domain.com website, or otherwise have difficulties using the Domain.com website, please call (800) 403-3568 ...As of 2015, Google no longer suggests a rate limit in their documentation. It is in Google's best interest to know when fresh articles are created so it is worth pinging them with your sitemap, or at least some kind of "Fresh Articles" sitemap when new articles are published.You might know that I'm running a Twitter bot called @randomMDN.Every few hours, the bot fetches the sitemap of MDN and tweets a random page. It was running without a problem for two years, but recently it broke.7. The .xml.gz filetype may be defined as being an xml file (e.g. with forcetype in a filesmatch block) - which would cause Apache to match it to the type above. I think you can get around that by adding an exception, above it: SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI ".xml.gz$" no-gzip dont-vary. You might want to see HowToForge for more exceptions to add.After that, we gain write access to sitemap.xml.gz, via destFileStream, which we are going to have our GZipStream instance write the compressed data into. When we had gained access to the relevant files, we create a GZipStream instance by passing in destFileStream and the CompressionMode.Compress enumeration option into one of its constructors .Look at robots.txt, you will see a sitemap link at bottom with access denied. This ressources may be accessible only to robots (specific user-agent, IP...). Its not possible that amazon doesn't have a Sitemap. Amazon as product is built on a very way when it comes to SEO.Validate XML Sitemap - Free Online Google Sitemap Generator. XML-sitemaps.com provides free online sitemap generator service, creating an XML sitemap that can be submitted to Google, Bing and other search engines to help them crawl your website better. It will also generate an HTML site map to allow your website visitors to navigate easier. Jan 30, 2022 · /public/sitemaps: sitemap-index.xml.gz sitemap-0.xml.gz sitemap-1.xml.gz sitemap-2.xml.gz ... And I need to give google access to all of them, so how can I make it work on express? node.js Then you need to make a /sitemaps.xml that points to the other sitemap files. And if you're in the thousands, you'll need to gzip these files. The blog post demonstrates how Song Search generates a sitemap file that points to 63 sitemap-{M}-{N}.xml.gz files which spans about 1,000,000 URLs. The context here is Python and the getting of the data ...Generate a one time sitemap from a list of urls. If you are just looking to take a giant list of URLs and turn it into some sitemaps, try out our CLI. The cli can also parse, update and validate existing sitemaps. npx sitemap < listofurls.txt # `npx sitemap -h` for more examples and a list of options. const { SitemapStream, streamToPromise ... In this example, say we have already pre-generated three sitemap files: sitemap1.xml.gz, sitemap2.xml.gz, sitemap3.xml.gz. Now we want to start the sitemap generation at sitemap4.xml.gz and create a bunch of new sitemaps. There are a few ways we can do this, but this is an easy way: ※XMLサイトマップ作成ソフトのSitemap Creatorはサイトマップの分割とインデックスファイルの作成、gzip圧縮にも対応しています。 ※さすがに上記のようなルールや各値を確認して毎回手作業で編集するわけにもいきませんので、プラグインやツールで自動化 ...Look at robots.txt, you will see a sitemap link at bottom with access denied. This ressources may be accessible only to robots (specific user-agent, IP...). Its not possible that amazon doesn't have a Sitemap. Amazon as product is built on a very way when it comes to SEO.Jun 7, 2011 · How to uncompress .xml.gz in windows? I wrote a script to generate the sitemaps for my website, and then compress the files to .gz. Everything seems to be ok, since google can read the urls from the files. But when I download them by accessing them through the corresponding url in the production enviroment (linux), and then open them with ... In the Add a source of content panel, click the Cloud () or Crawling Module () tile, depending on your content retrieval context. To edit a source. On the Sources ( platform-ca | platform-eu | platform-au) page, click the desired source. Click Edit in the Action bar.MkDocs is a static site generator. Its goal is to build projects documentation. Documentation source files are written in Markdown, and configured with a single YAML configuration file. It is quite easy to install. MkDocs is currently still in development, and evolves quickly. When we started to write OctoPerf’s documentation, MkDoc was in ...=== XML Sitemap Generator for Google === Contributors: auctollo Tags: sitemap, seo, xml sitemap, indexnow, google sitemaps, google search console, news sitemap, image sitemap, image seo, video sitemap, video seo, woo commerce, robots.txt, site kit, schema, bing, baidu, yandex Requires at least: 4.4 Tested up to: 6.2.1 Stable tag: 4.1.11 Requires PHP: 5.0 License: GPLv2 or later License URI ...For a website, my Site Map Index file and all my Site Maps are gzipped and have names like the following (SiteMapIndex.xml.gz, SiteMap1.xml.gz, SiteMap2.xml.gz), should the robots.txt file and SiteMapIndex.xml file have references to the gzipped file name or non-gzipped file name? Example - Should robots.txt contents look like this?Nov 11, 2020 · Hi, I use the gem "sitemap_generator" to generate only one sitemap on my website (no index sitemap). This sitemap is compress with gzip and located in my "public" folder. I have included "Sitemap: ... ※XMLサイトマップ作成ソフトのSitemap Creatorはサイトマップの分割とインデックスファイルの作成、gzip圧縮にも対応しています。 ※さすがに上記のようなルールや各値を確認して毎回手作業で編集するわけにもいきませんので、プラグインやツールで自動化 ... How to check & find the sitemaps of a website. 1. Manually check common XML sitemap locations. 2. Check if the sitemap URL is indicated in robots.txt. 3. Use Google Search Operators to find sitemap. 4. Check if the XML sitemap has been submitted to Google Search Console.I need to download and unzip a sitemap.xml file that is compressed (maybe tar + gzip?) into a sitemap.xml.gz From Windows I use 7zip. But note that the gz contains a directory with the same name of the zipped file (maybe due to tar + gx)An XML sitemap is a file that lists all the pages on a website and is meant to be read by search engines, while an HTML sitemap is a page on a website that lists all the links and is meant to be read by users. XML sitemaps are typically used for SEO purposes, while HTML sitemaps are used to improve the usability of a website.Jul 29, 2015 · There is no point in submitting both sitemap.xml as well as sitemap.xml.gz. Most of the search engine bots can read the compressed content. So if you are submitting sitemap.xml it's enough or sitemap.xml.gz is enough. does it do any harm to submit both sitemaps to Google. I don't find any valuable source to say that Google will harm you in this ... An XML Sitemap is a special document which lists all pages on a website to provide search engines with an overview of all the available content. It's strongly recommended to implement an XML Sitemap, especially on larger websites (500+ pages). Stick to the following best practices when implementing an XML Sitemap:You can make a "file" in memory using the io module. As a wild guess. from io import BytesIO import gzip file_like_object = BytesIO (req.content) gzip.open (file_like_object) Edit: There's other ways too, for example a ramdisk. Is there a way to force Requests to ungzip the content, or to ungzip it myself without first saving it as a file? You ...Sitemap index files specify individual properties of the XML files stored as sitemaps in UTF-8 character set on a server. This includes the location of the file, the time of the last change, and information about the language used. A sitemap index file may contain only certain information in XML format. Neither lists of pages are permitted nor ...Dec 7, 2013 · In /app/public/ + sitemap1.xml.gz 254 links / 4.74 KB + sitemap_index.xml.gz 1 sitemaps / 231 Bytes Sitemap stats: 254 links / 1 sitemaps / 0m06s So far so good ... === XML Sitemap Generator for Google === Contributors: auctollo Tags: sitemap, seo, xml sitemap, indexnow, google sitemaps, google search console, news sitemap, image sitemap, image seo, video sitemap, video seo, woo commerce, robots.txt, site kit, schema, bing, baidu, yandex Requires at least: 4.4 Tested up to: 6.2.1 Stable tag: 4.1.11 Requires PHP: 5.0 License: GPLv2 or later License URI ...Ở phần default_host ta trỏ tới hostname của site. Những mục config chính, ta sẽ đặt nó trong block SitemapGenerator::Sitemap.create {} Trong đó, method add cung cấp cho chúng ta thêm các options như. changefreq: Tần suất thay đổi của path này là - always, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, never. After that, we gain write access to sitemap.xml.gz, via destFileStream, which we are going to have our GZipStream instance write the compressed data into. When we had gained access to the relevant files, we create a GZipStream instance by passing in destFileStream and the CompressionMode.Compress enumeration option into one of its constructors .Jan 29, 2022 · Create sitemap and index files from one large list. If you know you are definitely going to have more than 50,000 urls in your sitemap, you can use this slightly more complex interface to create a new sitemap every 45,000 entries and add that file to a sitemap index. After that, we gain write access to sitemap.xml.gz, via destFileStream, which we are going to have our GZipStream instance write the compressed data into. When we had gained access to the relevant files, we create a GZipStream instance by passing in destFileStream and the CompressionMode.Compress enumeration option into one of its constructors .Oct 15, 2009 · I need to download and unzip a sitemap.xml file that is compressed (maybe tar + gzip?) into a sitemap.xml.gz From Windows I use 7zip. But note that the gz contains a directory with the same name of the zipped file (maybe due to tar + gx) Jun 7, 2011 · How to uncompress .xml.gz in windows? I wrote a script to generate the sitemaps for my website, and then compress the files to .gz. Everything seems to be ok, since google can read the urls from the files. But when I download them by accessing them through the corresponding url in the production enviroment (linux), and then open them with ... If you need to create a sitemap for a new site then use the XML format. Many Sitemaps. When you visit large sites such as the BBC you will find that they have many sitemaps. This is because there is a limit of 50,000 pages and a file size limit of 50MB. To link sitemaps together it is possible to have a master sitemap that links to all the others.Re: sitemap.xml v sitemap.xml.gz - should i delete sitemap.xml? Yes, you should remove it since it will contain aoutdated information now. SEM and SEO Reports, more than 45M domains: The world's leading Competitive Intelligence Tool for digital marketing. Also note that creating a route with a file extension at the end ( .xml) is not allowed in MVC 5 and below (ASP.NET Core is fine), so you need to add the line below in your Web.config file. [RoutePrefix("")] public class HomeController : Controller { [Route("sitemap.xml")] public ActionResult SitemapXml() { var sitemapNodes = GetSitemapNodes ...Generating compressed .XML.GZ sitemaps is essential for your website performance and for increasing the chances that all your URLs will be properly indexed. Today’s blog post will, therefore, detail how to create sitemap .XML.GZ using PHP and submit it to the Google Search Console.sitemap.xml.gz Generator is a Java-based, simple and a handy tool that allows you to generate all the sitemaps you want, whenever you want. All you have to do for sitemap.xml.gz Generator to work ...解消したケース①:gz圧縮されたファイルを削除. gz圧縮されたファイル(sitemap.xml.gz)だけをサイトマップから削除すると、通常のファイル(sitemap.xml)が残ったままでも「成功しました」となったサイトがあります。解消したケース①:gz圧縮されたファイルを削除. gz圧縮されたファイル(sitemap.xml.gz)だけをサイトマップから削除すると、通常のファイル(sitemap.xml)が残ったままでも「成功しました」となったサイトがあります。Once you have created your sitemap, let search engines know about it by submitting directly to them, pinging them, or adding the sitemap location to your robots.txt file; Sitemaps can be compressed using gzip, reducing bandwidth consumption; sitemap.xml example: I just want to verify that if a compressed sitemap file is being used, then the URL that gets submitted to Google, Bing, etc and the URL that's used in the robots.txt indicates that it's a compressed file. For example, "sitemap.xml.gz" -- thanks!The sitemap.xml file can also be compressed (sitemap.xml.gz). If a sitemap.xml contains URLs to other sitemap.xml files, the selector will work recursively to find all URLs in sub sitemap.xml files. Note! Web Scraper has download size limit. If multiple sitemap.xml URLs are used, scraping job might fail due to exceeding the limit.Ở phần default_host ta trỏ tới hostname của site. Những mục config chính, ta sẽ đặt nó trong block SitemapGenerator::Sitemap.create {} Trong đó, method add cung cấp cho chúng ta thêm các options như. changefreq: Tần suất thay đổi của path này là - always, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, never. I need to download and unzip a sitemap.xml file that is compressed (maybe tar + gzip?) into a sitemap.xml.gz From Windows I use 7zip. But note that the gz contains a directory with the same name of the zipped file (maybe due to tar + gx)Apr 11, 2021 · You can use the gzip feature or compress your Sitemap files using gzip. Please note that your uncompressed Sitemap file may not be larger than 10MB. - generation of a sitemap index file - generation of xml-sitemaps for (separate files): 1. Products (support hideCategories), 2. Categories (support hideCategories), 3. Reviews, 4. EZ-pages Jun 22, 2022 · XMLサイトマップ(sitemap.xmlとsitemap.xml.gz)とは. XMLサイトマップ(sitemap.xml)は、サイトの全ページの情報を検索エンジンに伝えるために作成されるファイルです。検索エンジンは、このファイルを読み込んで効率的にサイトの情報を収集します。 An XML sitemap is an XML file that contains a list of all available site URLs, each of which has specific metadata. The most important are: – Address and type of web page. – Date and time of the last web page update. – Refresh frequency. – The priority of the web page in the overall structure of the site. Once the crawl is complete, go to the Page Explorer and add these filters. Hit Export > Current table view. Open the CSV file, then copy and paste all the URLs from the URL column into this tool. Hit “Add to queue,” then “Export queue as sitemap.xml.”. This file is your completed sitemap.I am trying to convert the sitemap.xml into sitemap.xml.gz , The pages I am extracting from the database , it is converting into sitemap.xml , but when I am trying to compress this is not working . this is my code it is making the file damage .Shopware 6 (German) general, administration. andreysch 3. Juli 2021 um 10:46 1. Die Sitemap Index-Datei sitemap.xls wurde eingereicht. Dabei steht bei GSC - 0 gefundene URLs. Der Abruf des Inhalts der sitemap.xml Datei auch nicht möglich: Wenn man diese Datei direkt im Browser aufruft, wird diese geöffnet.How to check & find the sitemaps of a website. 1. Manually check common XML sitemap locations. 2. Check if the sitemap URL is indicated in robots.txt. 3. Use Google Search Operators to find sitemap. 4. Check if the XML sitemap has been submitted to Google Search Console.I need to download and unzip a sitemap.xml file that is compressed (maybe tar + gzip?) into a sitemap.xml.gz From Windows I use 7zip. But note that the gz contains a directory with the same name of the zipped file (maybe due to tar + gx)Once you have created your sitemap, let search engines know about it by submitting directly to them, pinging them, or adding the sitemap location to your robots.txt file; Sitemaps can be compressed using gzip, reducing bandwidth consumption; sitemap.xml example:Dec 7, 2013 · In /app/public/ + sitemap1.xml.gz 254 links / 4.74 KB + sitemap_index.xml.gz 1 sitemaps / 231 Bytes Sitemap stats: 254 links / 1 sitemaps / 0m06s So far so good ... Jul 29, 2015 · There is no point in submitting both sitemap.xml as well as sitemap.xml.gz. Most of the search engine bots can read the compressed content. So if you are submitting sitemap.xml it's enough or sitemap.xml.gz is enough. does it do any harm to submit both sitemaps to Google. I don't find any valuable source to say that Google will harm you in this ... In /app/public/ + sitemap1.xml.gz 254 links / 4.74 KB + sitemap_index.xml.gz 1 sitemaps / 231 Bytes Sitemap stats: 254 links / 1 sitemaps / 0m06s So far so good ...3. How to Create a Sitemap Index from the Compressed Sitemap.xml.gz. For best practice and to ensure efficient website crawling, you should create a sitemap index, respecting the sitemap guidelines and size limit of 50MB when uncompressed. Once your sitemap index file is done and saved, you should submit it to Google Search Console.In this example, say we have already pre-generated three sitemap files: sitemap1.xml.gz, sitemap2.xml.gz, sitemap3.xml.gz. Now we want to start the sitemap generation at sitemap4.xml.gz and create a bunch of new sitemaps. There are a few ways we can do this, but this is an easy way: Jun 28, 2022 · Damn seems nuxt content isn't yet supported by this :(@heychazza not sure what you mean by that. Does this support the new version of Nuxt Content? @heychazza ah that's another nuxt module I see, should be fine as long as Nuxt Content loads before the module.js I posted above and pages:extends contains all routes added by Nuxt Content (just add a console.log to check, only runs once per build) I need to download and unzip a sitemap.xml file that is compressed (maybe tar + gzip?) into a sitemap.xml.gz From Windows I use 7zip. But note that the gz contains a directory with the same name of the zipped file (maybe due to tar + gx)sitemap.xml.gz を追加したが、「検出された URL」が0件のままとなっている。. - Google 検索セントラル コミュニティ. Search Console ヘルプ. ログイン. ヘルプ センター. コミュニティ. Search Console. ©2023 Google. プライバシー ポリシー. Create sitemap and index files from one large list. If you know you are definitely going to have more than 50,000 urls in your sitemap, you can use this slightly more complex interface to create a new sitemap every 45,000 entries and add that file to a sitemap index.Generating compressed .XML.GZ sitemaps is essential for your website performance and for increasing the chances that all your URLs will be properly indexed. Today’s blog post will, therefore, detail how to create sitemap .XML.GZ using PHP and submit it to the Google Search Console.1. 拡張子 .gz は gzip と呼ばれる圧縮形式の一つであり、基本的にはブラウザで直接表示することはありません (URL を指定してダウンロードが始まるのは正常です)。. sitemap.xml 自体は主に検索エンジン (クローラ) に読ませるのが目的なので、正常に中身が出力 ...I am trying to convert the sitemap.xml into sitemap.xml.gz , The pages I am extracting from the database , it is converting into sitemap.xml , but when I am trying to compress this is not working . this is my code it is making the file damage .Mar 2, 2021 · Support » Plugin: Rank Math SEO » The problem with Sitemap.xml The problem with Sitemap.xml Resolved horo63 (@horo63) 2 years, 6 months ago Hi, On my website in robots.txt records were … Generate a one time sitemap from a list of urls. If you are just looking to take a giant list of URLs and turn it into some sitemaps, try out our CLI. The cli can also parse, update and validate existing sitemaps. npx sitemap < listofurls.txt # `npx sitemap -h` for more examples and a list of options. const { SitemapStream, streamToPromise ...Dec 7, 2013 · In /app/public/ + sitemap1.xml.gz 254 links / 4.74 KB + sitemap_index.xml.gz 1 sitemaps / 231 Bytes Sitemap stats: 254 links / 1 sitemaps / 0m06s So far so good ... The .gz extension is added to the filename when the XML Sitemap is compressed (via gzip compression). XML Sitemaps containing many URLs usually grow to significant file sizes, and through the use of compression the impact of this on disk storage and network transfer time can be reduced.May 31, 2015 · @Mike may be right on this. It certainly is not standard to use a .zip extension. Otherwise, you can gz your files including your index sitemap though that is not necessary. You will only gz one sitemap per compressed file. You cannot zip all of your .xml files into one .gz file. It does not work that way. – MkDocs is a static site generator. Its goal is to build projects documentation. Documentation source files are written in Markdown, and configured with a single YAML configuration file. It is quite easy to install. MkDocs is currently still in development, and evolves quickly. When we started to write OctoPerf’s documentation, MkDoc was in ...1. 拡張子 .gz は gzip と呼ばれる圧縮形式の一つであり、基本的にはブラウザで直接表示することはありません (URL を指定してダウンロードが始まるのは正常です)。. sitemap.xml 自体は主に検索エンジン (クローラ) に読ませるのが目的なので、正常に中身が出力 ...

Create a Sitemap with Yoast. With Yoast on your site you will find the settings in the side menu: Select “General” from the side menu. At the top of the next page select the “Features” tab: This page is full of toggles and one of these is “XML sitemaps”. Switch this on:. Bandq bathroom tiles clearance

sitemap.xml.gz

※XMLサイトマップ作成ソフトのSitemap Creatorはサイトマップの分割とインデックスファイルの作成、gzip圧縮にも対応しています。 ※さすがに上記のようなルールや各値を確認して毎回手作業で編集するわけにもいきませんので、プラグインやツールで自動化 ...Aug 27, 2021 · 1) Manually Check Common XML Sitemap Locations. One of the most common (and simple) ways to locate the XML sitemap of a website is to. manually check a few standard locations. This is dead simple and all you need to do is enter your website URL in the browser and then try with a few different variations. サイトマップ (sitemap.xml)のつくり方とちょっとしたテクニック. ここで説明するものはサイト内のページ一覧のリンクを表示したページ (HTML)ではなく、 サイト内のページURLをxmlファイルでまとめたサイトマップファイル のことです。. このサイトマップ ... GZ Compressing an XML sitemap file with PHP. 1. Compress gzip string. 0. How to uncompress .xml.gz in windows? 1. How to turn a PHP sitemap into a XML one. 0.July 16, 2020 by Koray Tuğberk GÜBÜR. A sitemap contains all the sub-pages of your website that are to be indexed by Google. Since it is written in a standardized XML format, it is also called an XML sitemap. With a sitemap, you help Google crawl your website. It is usually located in the main directory of a domain and can be called up there.Mar 2, 2021 · Support » Plugin: Rank Math SEO » The problem with Sitemap.xml The problem with Sitemap.xml Resolved horo63 (@horo63) 2 years, 6 months ago Hi, On my website in robots.txt records were … This document describes the XML schema for the Sitemap protocol. The Sitemap protocol format consists of XML tags. All data values in a Sitemap must be entity-escaped. The file itself must be UTF-8 encoded. The Sitemap must: Begin with an opening < urlset > tag and end with a closing </urlset> tag.XML Sitemap Checker. Validate your sitemap and learn where there are errors. Type your XML sitemap address here: 1. Type your sitemap.xml URL in the textbox. Gunzip (.GZIP) sitemap will also work. 2. Click on the Validate! Orange button.※XMLサイトマップ作成ソフトのSitemap Creatorはサイトマップの分割とインデックスファイルの作成、gzip圧縮にも対応しています。 ※さすがに上記のようなルールや各値を確認して毎回手作業で編集するわけにもいきませんので、プラグインやツールで自動化 ... I just want to verify that if a compressed sitemap file is being used, then the URL that gets submitted to Google, Bing, etc and the URL that's used in the robots.txt indicates that it's a compressed file. For example, "sitemap.xml.gz" -- thanks!XML sitemap. The XML sitemap format is the most versatile of the supported formats. Using the Google supported sitemap extensions, you can also provide additional information about your images, video, and news content, as well as the localized versions of your pages. Here is a very basic XML sitemap that includes the location of a single URL:Oct 18, 2016 · In a nutshell: Generating compressed .XML.GZ sitemaps is essential for your website performance and for increasing the chances that all your URLs will be properly indexed. Today’s blog post will, therefore, detail how to create sitemap .XML.GZ using PHP and submit it to the Google Search Console. 182.232.128.233 (talk contribs) @ MarkAHershberger Please kindly remove the domain I already published in the original post twice by mistake; I shouldn't put a link here both from an because the website is in about another topic and in another language --- so in great plea delete these references and sorry for the mess from all community members.If you need to create a sitemap for a new site then use the XML format. Many Sitemaps. When you visit large sites such as the BBC you will find that they have many sitemaps. This is because there is a limit of 50,000 pages and a file size limit of 50MB. To link sitemaps together it is possible to have a master sitemap that links to all the others.1 Answer Sorted by: 1 .xml.gz isn't an Excel file, but an gz-compressed (archived) xml-sitemap. Everything you should do to get urls from the sitemap into Excel is: decompress the archive, take something like 7zip, import xml into Excel, like on screenshot (my Excel is german, so look at screenshot and try to find your way) Share.

Popular Topics